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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

78.9K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
78.9K
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

7.7K
Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
9.8K
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

5.8K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
5.8K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.2K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.2K
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

14.2K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
14.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Identification of Transcription Factor Regulators using Medium-Throughput Screening of Arrayed Libraries and a Dual-Luciferase-Based Reporter
11:32

Identification of Transcription Factor Regulators using Medium-Throughput Screening of Arrayed Libraries and a Dual-Luciferase-Based Reporter

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Insulin-Responsive Transcription Factors.

Gerald Thiel1, Lisbeth A Guethlein2, Oliver G Rössler1

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.

Biomolecules
|December 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Insulin receptor activation triggers gene transcription, influencing key metabolic pathways like glycolysis and lipogenesis. This process is crucial for regulating glucose homeostasis and other vital physiological functions in the body.

Keywords:
ChREBPEgr-1Elk-1FoxO1SREBP-1cUSFliver X receptor

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Insulin receptor (IR) activation is central to insulin's metabolic functions.
  • IR is a receptor tyrosine kinase found in key metabolic tissues and the CNS.
  • Insulin signaling involves complex cascades including ERK1/2, PI3K, and Akt.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of insulin receptor stimulation in activating gene transcription.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms connecting insulin signaling to transcriptional regulation.
  • To highlight the function of insulin-responsive transcription factors in metabolic control.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on insulin signaling and gene transcription.
  • Analysis of signal transduction pathways downstream of insulin receptor activation.
  • Examination of insulin-responsive transcription factors and their targets.

Main Results:

  • Insulin receptor stimulation activates intracellular signaling cascades.
  • Signal transducers and glucose influx modulate gene transcription.
  • Insulin-responsive transcription factors orchestrate metabolic gene expression.
  • Insulin promotes transcription of glycolysis and lipogenesis genes while inhibiting gluconeogenesis genes.

Conclusions:

  • Insulin receptor-mediated gene transcription is essential for metabolic regulation.
  • Activation/inhibition of transcription factors by insulin fine-tunes cellular biochemistry.
  • This transcriptional network underlies insulin's physiological effects on glucose homeostasis, lipogenesis, and more.