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COVID-19 and Venous Thromboembolism: From Pathological Mechanisms to Clinical Management

Xianghui Zhou1,2, Zhipeng Cheng1,2, Yu Hu1,2,3

  • 1Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.

Journal of Personalized Medicine
|December 24, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) significantly increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) due to endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, and abnormal blood flow. Further research into COVID-19 thrombosis mechanisms and treatments is crucial.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Research
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2.
  • Thrombotic events, particularly venous thromboembolism (VTE), are frequent in COVID-19 patients and linked to disease severity.
  • The incidence of VTE in hospitalized and critical COVID-19 cases is notably high.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the pathophysiology of VTE in COVID-19.
  • To investigate the risk factors for thrombosis in COVID-19, applying Virchow's triad.
  • To discuss current VTE treatments and potential therapeutic strategies for COVID-19-associated thrombosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pathological mechanisms of VTE in COVID-19.
  • Analysis of endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, and abnormal blood flow.
  • Discussion of VTE treatment and clinical trials for heparin therapy.

Main Results:

  • Virchow's triad (endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, abnormal blood flow) is relevant to COVID-19-associated VTE.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is key to developing effective treatments.
  • Exploration of broader antithrombotic strategies, including antiplatelet, antifibrinolytic, and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 presents complex challenges in VTE pathophysiology and prevention.
  • Further investigation into antithrombotic therapies is needed to improve patient prognosis.
  • Comprehensive understanding of COVID-19 thrombosis is essential for clinical management.

Keywords:
COVID-19VTEpathophysiology

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