Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Impact Loading on a Cantilever Beam01:13

Impact Loading on a Cantilever Beam

523
The analysis of a cantilever beam with a circular cross-section subjected to impact loading at its free end illustrates the conversion of potential energy from a dropped object into kinetic energy, which is then absorbed by the beam as strain energy. This process is crucial for understanding how materials behave under dynamic loads, which is important in fields such as construction and aerospace.
When an object is dropped onto the free end of a cantilever, its potential energy due to gravity is...
523
Bending of Members Made of Several Materials01:08

Bending of Members Made of Several Materials

313
In analyzing a structural member composed of two different materials with identical cross-sectional areas, it is crucial to understand how their distinct elastic properties affect the member's response under load. The analysis involves assessing stress and strain distributions using the transformed section concept, which accounts for variations in material properties.
Hooke's Law determines stress in each material, stating that stress is proportional to strain but varies due to each...
313
Softwoods and Hardwoods01:28

Softwoods and Hardwoods

270
Softwoods and hardwoods, derived from different types of trees, are distinguished by their leaf structures and cellular compositions, each serving unique purposes in construction and manufacturing. Softwoods come from cone-bearing trees with needle-like leaves and are predominantly composed of longitudinal cells called tracheids and a smaller proportion of radial cells known as rays. Due to their cellular structure, softwoods are commonly used in construction for structural frames, sheathing,...
270
Impact Loading01:19

Impact Loading

332
Impact loading occurs when a moving object collides with a stationary structure, such as a rod with a uniform cross-sectional area fixed at one end. Under these conditions, the rod absorbs the kinetic energy from the striking object, leading to deformation and subsequent stress development. As the rod returns to its original position and reaches maximum stress, the absorbed energy, initially manifested as kinetic energy, transforms entirely into strain energy.
In cases of elastic deformation,...
332
Stresses under Combined Loadings01:23

Stresses under Combined Loadings

253
When analyzing a bent tube with a circular cross-section subjected to multiple forces, it is crucial to determine the stress distribution in order to maintain structural integrity under varied load conditions.
The process begins by slicing the tube at critical points and analyzing the internal forces and stress components at these sections, focusing on the centroid. Normal stresses, generated by axial forces and bending moments, are either compressive or tensile and vary across the section from...
253
Structural Properties and Dimensions of Lumber01:21

Structural Properties and Dimensions of Lumber

206
Wood's structural properties derive from fibers aligned along the tree's length, contributing significantly to its mechanical strength. Wood exhibits up to twenty times greater tensile strength along these fibers compared to across them, and generally shows better performance under compression than tension. The length of fibers varies, with hardwoods having fibers around one twenty-fifth inch long and softwoods ranging from one-eighth to one-third inch.
The strength characteristics of...
206

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Solar Flow Synthesis of Polymer Nanoparticles: Scaling Local Experiments to Global Potential.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Synergistic Two-Color Photochemical Polymer Network Formation and Lithography.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same author

Color and fluorescence switchable 2D and 3D printed hybrid materials.

Materials horizons·2025
Same author

The tensile behaviour of paper under high loading rates.

Cellulose (London, England)·2025
Same author

A cellulosic fibre foam as a bicycle helmet impact liner for brain injury mitigation in oblique impacts.

Heliyon·2025
Same author

Chemical Resistance of Modified Wood Veneers in Sustainable Load Bearing Elements.

ACS omega·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Conducting Elevated Temperature Normal and Combined Pressure-Shear Plate Impact Experiments Via a Breech-end Sabot Heater System
10:52

Conducting Elevated Temperature Normal and Combined Pressure-Shear Plate Impact Experiments Via a Breech-end Sabot Heater System

Published on: August 7, 2018

8.7K

A Comparative Study on the Temperature Effect of Solid Birch Wood and Solid Beech Wood under Impact Loading.

Georg Baumann1, Reinhard Brandner2, Ulrich Müller3

  • 1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Economic Sciences, Vehicle Safety Institute, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Impact testing of birch and beech wood revealed that deceleration forces peak near freezing temperatures. Birch wood showed stable impact bending energy across temperatures, unlike beech wood which exhibited more variability.

Keywords:
energy absorptionimpact loadingsolid beech woodsolid birch woodtemperature-effects

More Related Videos

Standard Test Method ASTM D 7998-19 for the Cohesive Strength Development of Wood Adhesives
08:40

Standard Test Method ASTM D 7998-19 for the Cohesive Strength Development of Wood Adhesives

Published on: May 17, 2020

3.1K
Rapid Testing of Resistance of Timber to Biodegradation by Marine Wood-Boring Crustaceans
14:06

Rapid Testing of Resistance of Timber to Biodegradation by Marine Wood-Boring Crustaceans

Published on: January 29, 2022

3.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 9, 2025

Conducting Elevated Temperature Normal and Combined Pressure-Shear Plate Impact Experiments Via a Breech-end Sabot Heater System
10:52

Conducting Elevated Temperature Normal and Combined Pressure-Shear Plate Impact Experiments Via a Breech-end Sabot Heater System

Published on: August 7, 2018

8.7K
Standard Test Method ASTM D 7998-19 for the Cohesive Strength Development of Wood Adhesives
08:40

Standard Test Method ASTM D 7998-19 for the Cohesive Strength Development of Wood Adhesives

Published on: May 17, 2020

3.1K
Rapid Testing of Resistance of Timber to Biodegradation by Marine Wood-Boring Crustaceans
14:06

Rapid Testing of Resistance of Timber to Biodegradation by Marine Wood-Boring Crustaceans

Published on: January 29, 2022

3.9K

Area of Science:

  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Wood Science

Background:

  • Understanding wood's impact behavior across temperatures is crucial for structural applications.
  • Diffuse porous hardwoods like birch (Betula pendula) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) are suitable for engineered wood products (EWPs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the impact behavior of solid birch and beech wood from -30 °C to +90 °C.
  • To determine the influence of temperature on impact bending energy and deceleration forces.

Main Methods:

  • Impact pendulum testing (150 J capacity) on wood samples (300 × 20 × 20 mm³).
  • Testing conducted at five temperature levels (-30 °C, -10 °C, +10 °C, +50 °C, +90 °C).
  • Acceleration sensor used to measure deceleration forces and impact bending energy.

Main Results:

  • Deceleration forces were highest in both wood types at and below 0 °C.
  • Solid birch wood exhibited consistent impact bending energy across the tested temperature range.
  • Solid beech wood showed significantly higher scattering in impact bending energy compared to birch wood.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature significantly affects the impact response of birch and beech wood, particularly near freezing.
  • Birch wood demonstrates more predictable impact performance over a wide temperature range than beech wood.
  • Findings are essential for optimizing the use of these hardwoods in engineered wood products for structural applications.