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Relation between complement activation and susceptibility to decompression sickness.

C A Ward, D McCullough, W D Fraser

    Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
    |March 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Individuals sensitive to complement activation by air bubbles are more prone to decompression sickness. This study links alternate pathway complement activation to bubble-induced illness.

    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Immunology
    • Hyperbaric Medicine

    Background:

    • Complement activation and decompression sickness share similar symptoms.
    • The role of complement activation by air bubbles in decompression sickness susceptibility is unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between individual sensitivity to complement activation by air bubbles and susceptibility to decompression sickness.
    • To determine the pathway of complement activation induced by air bubbles.

    Main Methods:

    • Plasma samples from 34 individuals were incubated with air bubbles.
    • Concentrations of complement activation metabolites (C3a, C4a, C5a) were measured using radioimmunoassays.
    • Sixteen individuals underwent pressure profiles to induce detectable circulatory bubbles via Doppler ultrasound.

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    Main Results:

    • Air bubbles activated the complement system via the alternate pathway, producing C3a and C5a but not C4a.
    • One group showed significantly higher C3a (3.3x) and C5a (5.3x) production in response to air bubbles.
    • Individuals highly sensitive to air bubble-induced complement activation were more susceptible to decompression sickness.

    Conclusions:

    • Air bubbles activate the complement system primarily through the alternate pathway.
    • Individual sensitivity to this activation pathway correlates with decompression sickness susceptibility.
    • This finding may inform strategies for preventing or managing decompression sickness.