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Updated: Oct 9, 2025

The Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Inducing Anhedonia in Mice
Published on: October 24, 2018
Cellular Response to Unfolded Proteins in Depression
Mateusz Kowalczyk1, Edward Kowalczyk2, Paweł Kwiatkowski3
1Babinski Memorial Hospital, Aleksandrowska St. 159, 91-229 Lodz, Poland.
Abstract:
Despite many scientific studies on depression, there is no clear conception explaining the causes and mechanisms of depression development. Research conducted in recent years has shown that there is a strong relationship between depression and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In order to restore ER homeostasis, the adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) mechanism is activated. Research suggests that ER stress response pathways are continuously activated in patients with major depressive disorders (MDD). Therefore, it seems that the recommended drugs should reduce ER stress. A search is currently underway for drugs that will be both effective in reducing ER stress and relieving symptoms of depression.
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