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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Author Spotlight: An Economic and Efficient Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Bone Microarchitecture in a Murine Osteoporosis Model
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Obesity and Bone: A Complex Relationship.

Giuseppe Rinonapoli1, Valerio Pace1, Carmelinda Ruggiero2

  • 1Orthopaedic and Traumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity increases bone mineral density (BMD) due to mechanical load and estrogen. However, obese individuals face a higher fracture risk from metabolic issues and falls, with atypical fracture patterns observed.

Keywords:
bone fragilityfractureobese fracture site paradoxobesityosteoporosis

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Area of Science:

  • Bone research
  • Obesity and metabolism
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Extensive research links obesity and bone health.
  • Increased body weight positively correlates with bone mineral density (BMD).
  • Adipose tissue contributes to higher estrogen levels, influencing bone.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex relationship between obesity and bone health.
  • To analyze factors contributing to increased fracture risk in obese individuals.
  • To examine the impact of diet, weight loss, and bariatric surgery on bone in obesity.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review on obesity and bone.
  • Analysis of biomechanical and hormonal influences on BMD.
  • Evaluation of metabolic factors and fall risk in obese populations.

Main Results:

  • Obesity increases BMD via mechanical loading and estrogen, but elevates fracture risk.
  • Fracture patterns in obese adults are atypical, with fewer typical osteoporotic fractures.
  • Obese children exhibit higher lower limb fracture rates; sarcopenic obesity is a significant factor.

Conclusions:

  • Despite higher BMD, obesity presents a paradox of increased fracture risk.
  • Metabolic dysregulation and increased fall risk are key contributors to fractures in obesity.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for managing bone health in obese individuals and children.