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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

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Quantitative Diffusion and Spectroscopic Neuroimaging Combined with a Novel Early-Developmental Assessment Improves

H G Moss^1,2, L G Wolf³, P Coker-Bolt⁴

¹From the Department of Neuroscience (H.G.M., J.H.J.) mossh@musc.edu.

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology

|December 24, 2021

Summary

Early motor assessments in preterm infants correlate with brain imaging. Combining these methods improves prediction of 12-month developmental outcomes in premature infants.

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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

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Published on: August 25, 2014

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Pediatrics
Medical Imaging

Background:

Preterm infants face risks of central nervous system (CNS) injury with unpredictable developmental outcomes.
The Specific Test of Early Infant Motor Performance (STEP) shows early promise in predicting later motor and cognitive scores.
Predicting long-term neurodevelopmental consequences in preterm infants remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the correlation between early functional motor performance (STEP) and CNS integrity using advanced neuroimaging techniques.
To determine if MR spectroscopy and diffusion kurtosis imaging enhance the prediction of 12-month developmental outcomes.
To assess if quantitative neuroimaging can serve as a biomarker for early developmental trajectories in preterm infants.

Main Methods:

Acquired MR spectroscopy and diffusion MR imaging data in preterm infants at term-corrected age.
Administered the Specific Test of Early Infant Motor Performance at term and 3 months.
Utilized multiple linear regression to model the relationship between neuroimaging data and developmental scores at 12 months (Bayley Scales).

Main Results:

MR spectroscopy (NAA ratios in frontal white matter and basal ganglia) and kurtosis metrics in white matter tracts strongly correlated with STEP scores.
Neuroimaging data, including MR spectroscopy and diffusion imaging, independently improved the prediction of 12-month developmental outcomes.
Early functional performance on the STEP test reflects underlying CNS microstructural integrity.

Conclusions:

The microstructural integrity of white matter tracts and basal ganglia metabolism are closely linked to early motor performance in preterm infants.
The Specific Test of Early Infant Motor Performance serves as an indicator of CNS integrity post-preterm birth.
Integrating quantitative neuroimaging with early functional assessments offers a more accurate prediction of neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 months in premature infants.