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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of Respiration01:23

Assessment of Respiration

The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like asthma or COPD,...
Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications01:19

Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications

Respiratory assessment is a cornerstone of nursing assessments, crucial for the early detection of patient deterioration. This evaluation transcends routine procedures, representing a critical skill nurses must master to ensure optimal patient care.
Objectives and Importance:
The primary goal of respiratory assessment is to evaluate patients at early risk of clinical deterioration. Since respiratory distress often precedes other signs of declining health, breathing patterns and sounds become a...
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation01:28

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation

Auscultation is a crucial component of the physical assessment of the respiratory tract. It offers valuable insights into airflow through the bronchial tree and potential lung obstructions. This process involves careful listening to breath, voice, and adventitious sounds, which can reveal a wealth of information about a patient's respiratory health.
Breath Sounds
Breath sounds are categorized into vesicular, bronchovesicular, and bronchial.
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion01:30

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion

Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
Inspection Findings
During an inspection, several findings may suggest the presence of respiratory distress or disease. Pursed-lip breathing, where exhalation is slowed by...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies01:27

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies

Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
Medical History
Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

VacuSIP, an Improved InEx Method for In Situ Measurement of Particulate and Dissolved Compounds Processed by Active Suspension Feeders
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ERS/ATS technical standard on interpretive strategies for routine lung function tests.

Sanja Stanojevic1, David A Kaminsky2, Martin R Miller3

  • 1Dept of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada sanja.stanojevic@dal.ca.

The European Respiratory Journal
|December 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Updated guidelines for interpreting pulmonary function tests (PFTs) provide new standards for classifying lung function. These recommendations integrate recent evidence for accurate PFT interpretation in clinical practice.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) interpretation relies on comparing results to healthy reference populations and integrating clinical data.
  • Previous technical standards for PFT interpretation were established by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) in 2005.
  • There is a need to update these standards based on recent scientific literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update the 2005 ATS/ERS technical standards for PFT interpretation.
  • To incorporate recent evidence and research findings into new PFT interpretation guidelines.
  • To establish updated standards for classifying lung function abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • Development of technical standards by an international, multidisciplinary Task Force appointed by ERS/ATS.
  • Comprehensive review of published evidence and literature on PFT interpretation.
  • Synthesis of expert knowledge in conducting and interpreting PFTs.

Main Results:

  • Updated recommendations for selecting reference equations and defining limits of normal for PFTs.
  • Revised interpretation strategies for bronchodilator responsiveness and natural lung function changes over time.
  • Enhanced classification protocols for spirometry, lung volumes, and gas transfer impairments based on pathophysiology.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate PFT interpretation requires integrating test results with clinical expertise.
  • Biological variability and test uncertainty must be considered for appropriate lung function assessment.
  • New standards aim to improve the precision of individual lung function measurement interpretation.