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Related Concept Videos

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:29

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

158
Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
It requires a multifaceted approach, starting with a detailed physical examination to pinpoint the location and nature of the pain and identify any associated symptoms. Laboratory tests play a crucial role. A complete Blood Count (CBC) typically reveals leukocytosis (an increased number of...
158
Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

763
The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
763
Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

315
Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
315
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

67
Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
67
Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

245
Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
245
Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

684
Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
684

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Acute appendicitis-advances and controversies.

Thomas Zheng Jie Teng1, Xuan Rong Thong1, Kai Yuan Lau1

  • 1Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore.

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery
|December 24, 2021
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Acute appendicitis (AA) management involves ongoing debates in diagnosis and treatment. This review explores current controversies and evolving surgical practices, including pandemic impacts.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • General Surgery
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Acute appendicitis (AA) is a frequent cause of acute abdomen, presenting diagnostic and management challenges.
  • Numerous clinical scoring systems, including the Alvarado score, exist to aid in AA risk stratification and management.
  • Evolving literature addresses antibiotic use, appendectomy variations, and management in special populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review current knowledge and controversies in acute appendicitis diagnosis and management.
  • To explore advancements in diagnostic algorithms, differential diagnoses, and treatment options.
  • To discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on AA patient care and surgical practices.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and critical analysis of existing studies on acute appendicitis.
  • Examination of diagnostic scoring systems and their clinical utility.
  • Discussion of contemporary surgical techniques and adjunctive therapies.

Main Results:

  • Significant controversy persists regarding optimal diagnostic algorithms and management strategies for AA.
  • The role of antibiotics, surgical techniques, and management in specific patient groups remain areas of active debate.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced AA patient presentation and surgical practice adaptations.

Conclusions:

  • There is no absolute consensus on the best diagnostic or management approach for acute appendicitis.
  • Continued research and critical appraisal of evidence are necessary to refine AA protocols.
  • Surgical practice for AA has adapted to address evolving challenges, including global health crises.