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Related Concept Videos

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
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Connective Tissue Cell Types

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Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
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Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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Vitamin D and Breast Cancer: Mechanistic Update.

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  • 1Department of Environmental Health Sciences SUNY Albany Cancer Research Center Rensselaer NY USA.

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|December 24, 2021
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Summary

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), impact breast cancer development and growth. Further research is needed to clarify vitamin D

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is present in mammary tissue and breast cancer.
  • 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) influences mammary gland development and inhibits tumor growth in preclinical models.
  • Vitamin D deficiency is common in breast cancer patients, potentially increasing disease risk or progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent mechanistic, preclinical, and translational studies on vitamin D's role in breast cancer.
  • To highlight challenges in validating 1,25D-responsive targets in vivo.
  • To emphasize the need for analyzing VDR actions in specific breast cancer subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent mechanistic (cell/molecular), preclinical (animal models), and translational research.
Keywords:
CANCERCELL/TISSUE SIGNALING—ENDOCRINE PATHWAYSNUTRITIONPTH/VIT D/FGF23

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  • Analysis of genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data from in vitro and in vivo models.
  • Examination of VDR expression and 1,25D actions in different stages of carcinogenesis.

    • Main Results:

    • Preclinical studies show 1,25D modulates mammary development and inhibits breast tumor growth.
    • Validation of specific 1,25D targets in vivo remains challenging.
    • Clinical data on vitamin D responsiveness in established tumors is limited and inconclusive.

    Conclusions:

    • Breast cancer heterogeneity necessitates subtype-specific analysis of VDR targets and vitamin D sensitivity.
    • Understanding vitamin D-regulated pathways requires comprehensive genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses.
    • Further research is crucial to clarify conflicting data and guide vitamin D-based therapeutic strategies.