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Cingulo-opercular and frontoparietal control network connectivity and executive functioning in older adults.

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Brain network connectivity impacts executive function in aging. The cingulo-opercular network (CON) supports working memory, inhibition, and set-shifting, while the fronto-parietal control network (FPCN) primarily aids working memory.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Aging Research
  • Brain Network Analysis

Background:

  • Executive function commonly declines in aging, affecting cognitive control.
  • The cingulo-opercular (CON) and fronto-parietal control (FPCN) networks are crucial for executive functions and vulnerable to aging.
  • The relationship between resting-state connectivity within these networks and specific executive functions in older adults remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between resting-state functional connectivity in the CON and FPCN and performance on executive function tasks in older adults.
  • To identify specific brain-behavior relationships between these cognitive control networks and executive function subcomponents.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 274 older adults.
  • Assessment of executive function performance across working memory, inhibition, and set-shifting tasks.
  • Region of interest (ROI) analyses to examine specific network connections.

Main Results:

  • Average CON connectivity correlated positively with performance in working memory, inhibition, and set-shifting.
  • Average FPCN connectivity was associated only with working memory performance.
  • CON showed task-specific connectivity patterns, including with hub regions, language areas, right hemisphere dominance for inhibition, and widespread connections for set-shifting.
  • FPCN revealed right-hemisphere fronto-parietal connections for working memory and temporal lobe connections for set-shifting.

Conclusions:

  • Characterized differential associations between CON and FPCN connectivity and executive function subcomponents in aging.
  • Findings suggest distinct roles for these networks in supporting different executive functions.
  • Highlights potential for targeting these networks in interventions to mitigate age-related executive function decline.