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Pion-Nucleon Sigma Term from Lattice QCD.

Rajan Gupta1, Sungwoo Park1,2, Martin Hoferichter3

  • 1Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Division T-2, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|December 24, 2021
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We analyzed the pion-nucleon sigma-term using lattice QCD, finding a new method that better matches experimental data. This improved calculation of the sigma-term is crucial for understanding nucleon structure.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Quantum Chromodynamics
  • Hadron Spectroscopy

Background:

  • The pion-nucleon sigma-term (σπN) is a key parameter in understanding nucleon structure.
  • Lattice QCD calculations are essential for ab initio studies of hadrons, but suffer from systematic effects like excited-state contamination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the pion-nucleon sigma-term using lattice QCD data.
  • To investigate and mitigate the impact of excited-state contributions on σπN calculations.
  • To resolve discrepancies between lattice QCD results and phenomenological determinations of σπN.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of six ensembles using the 2+1+1-flavor highly improved staggered quark action (HISQ).
  • Estimation of excited-state contributions using chiral perturbation theory (χPT).
  • Comparison of two analysis methods: standard and a new χPT-motivated approach including Nπ and Nππ states.

Main Results:

  • The standard analysis yielded σπN=41.9(4.9) MeV, consistent with prior lattice calculations.
  • The χPT-motivated analysis yielded a preferred value of σπN=59.6(7.4) MeV.
  • This new value aligns with phenomenological results derived from πN scattering data.

Conclusions:

  • Excited-state contributions significantly impact lattice calculations of the isoscalar scalar charge.
  • The χPT-motivated analysis provides a more reliable determination of σπN, resolving tension with phenomenology.
  • Further calculations with physical pion mass ensembles are necessary to confirm these findings.