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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
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IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

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A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to...
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Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

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The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end....
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Modes of Standing Waves - I01:03

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A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This...
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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

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Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single...
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Low-Frequency Excess Vibrational Modes in Two-Dimensional Glasses.

Lijin Wang1, Grzegorz Szamel2, Elijah Flenner2

  • 1School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China.

Physical Review Letters
|December 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glasses exhibit excess low-frequency vibrational modes, crucial for understanding their unique thermal and mechanical properties. These modes follow a distinct frequency scaling in simulations, differing from crystalline solids.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Amorphous solids

Background:

  • Glasses exhibit vibrational properties distinct from crystalline solids, particularly at low frequencies.
  • Debye theory, successful for crystals, underpredicts low-frequency vibrational modes in glasses.
  • These excess vibrational modes significantly influence the thermal and mechanical behavior of glasses at low temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency dependence of excess vibrational modes in two-dimensional model glass formers.
  • To explore the relationship between glass stability and the density of these excess modes.
  • To compare simulation results with existing theoretical predictions like Debye theory.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive numerical simulations of two-dimensional model glass formers.
  • Analysis of the density of excess vibrational modes (Dexc(ω)) as a function of frequency (ω).
  • Systematic variation of glass stability in the models.

Main Results:

  • The density of excess modes follows Dexc(ω)∼ω^{2} up to the boson peak, independent of glass stability.
  • The overall scale of Dexc(ω) correlates with low-frequency sound attenuation.
  • In small systems, excess modes below the first sound mode exhibit a system-size independent density scaling as ω^{3}.

Conclusions:

  • The ω^{2} scaling of excess vibrational modes in 2D glasses is a robust feature, irrespective of glass stability.
  • Glass stability influences the magnitude of excess modes and low-frequency sound attenuation.
  • System size effects can introduce different scaling behaviors for excess modes in confined systems.