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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Laser Physics
    • Nonlinear Optics

    Background:

    • Mode-locked lasers are crucial for generating ultrashort pulses.
    • Mamyshev oscillators offer unique mode-locking dynamics.
    • Spatiotemporal mode locking (STML) combines temporal and spatial pulse characteristics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate spatiotemporal mode locking (STML) in a Mamyshev oscillator.
    • To explore the influence of cavity design on modal content.
    • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms enabling STML in this system.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental realization of a Mamyshev oscillator.
    • Numerical simulations of laser dynamics.
    • Analysis of output beam properties and modal content.

    Main Results:

    • Observation of various multimode, spatiotemporally coupled states.
    • Demonstration of controllability over modal content via cavity design.
    • Experimental and simulation evidence for nonlinear intermodal interactions and spatial filtering driving STML.

    Conclusions:

    • First demonstration of STML in a Mamyshev oscillator.
    • STML is facilitated by nonlinear intermodal interactions, spatial filtering, and the Mamyshev mechanism.
    • Cavity design offers a pathway to tailor the output beam characteristics.