Fast and simple calibration of frequency response and IQ skew for a coherent optical transmitter using a...

A fast, precise, and low-cost coherent optical transmitter calibration scheme is proposed that uses multi-tone signals of a novel, to the best of our knowledge, design with unequal frequency intervals. With a single measurement, the proposed scheme can simultaneously calibrate the frequency response and the IQ skew of the transmitter using only a low-bandwidth photodiode. Simulation and experimental results indicate that the measurement error in the frequency response and coherent transmitter (Tx) skew is less than 0.3 dB and 0.2 ps, respectively. The feasibility of the proposed scheme is verified by an experiment involving 25 Gbaud 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal transmission using a Kramers-Kronig (KK) receiver. With the help of this calibration method, the measured bit error ratio performance was increased from 1.77e-2 to 3.52e-3 when the received optical power was -8 dBm.