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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
701
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

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Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:
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Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

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The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 8, 2025

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation
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Specialized pro-resolving mediators in respiratory diseases.

R Elaine Cagnina1, Melody G Duvall1,2, Julie Nijmeh1

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital.

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
|December 26, 2021
PubMed
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Persistent inflammation causes respiratory diseases. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) derived from omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can resolve inflammation, and fish oil supplements may help restore this balance.

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Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Inflammation Biology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Persistent unresolved inflammation is implicated in severe respiratory conditions such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, and ARDS.
  • Inflammation resolution is a biologically active process mediated by specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs).
  • SPMs are derived from essential omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on impaired inflammation resolution in respiratory diseases.
  • To examine the generation of SPMs from PUFA supplementation.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of SPMs in inflammatory lung diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of human studies and preclinical models of lung inflammation.
  • Analysis of recent literature on SPM generation and PUFA supplementation.
  • Focus on the role of SPMs in regulating pro-inflammatory responses and promoting resolution.

Main Results:

  • Human and animal studies show an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators in lung inflammation.
  • SPMs have demonstrated efficacy in modulating host responses and activating resolution pathways.
  • Dietary marine oils, rich in PUFAs, can increase SPM levels.

Conclusions:

  • Dysregulated inflammation resolution is a key factor in various respiratory diseases.
  • Nutritional supplementation with fish oils can enhance SPM production.
  • Targeting inflammation resolution pathways with SPMs offers a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory lung diseases.