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Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes

Vitória Duarte1, Bárbara Mota2, Sofia Ferreira2

  • 1Endocrinology Department, Armed Forces Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.

Archives De Pediatrie : Organe Officiel De La Societe Francaise De Pediatrie
|December 27, 2021
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 lockdown negatively impacted glycemic control in type 1 diabetes patients, increasing BMI and HbA1c, especially in younger age groups. Telemedicine and physical activity are crucial for managing diabetes during restrictions.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated widespread lockdowns, significantly affecting individuals with chronic conditions like type 1 diabetes.
  • Understanding the impact of these restrictions on disease management is crucial for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on glycemic control in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes.
  • To identify specific demographic groups most affected by the lockdown's impact on diabetes management.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 100 type 1 diabetes patients (aged 2-18) using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.
  • Data collected included age, weight, insulin doses, and glycemic control (HbA1c) before and during the nationwide lockdown in Portugal.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate changes in metabolic parameters.

Main Results:

  • The lockdown period was associated with a significant increase in Body Mass Index (BMI) across all patients (p=0.009), particularly in girls and older adolescents.
  • Glycemic control worsened in the 10-13 age group, with a 0.4% increase in HbA1c (p=0.03).
  • Baseline glycemic control was suboptimal, with a median HbA1c of 7.9%.

Conclusions:

  • This study, the largest of its kind on insulin pump users during lockdown, underscores the detrimental effects on type 1 diabetes management.
  • Physical activity, enhanced parental supervision, and consistent telemedicine support are vital for maintaining metabolic control in young type 1 diabetes patients.
  • The findings emphasize the need for adapted healthcare strategies during public health crises.
Abstract

Keywords:
AdolescentsCOVID-19ChildrenGlycemic controlType 1 diabetes

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