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Diagnostic Value of Immune-Related Genes in Kawasaki Disease
Dong Liu1,2,3, Meixuan Song4, Fengchuan Jing1,3
1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Insights
Kawasaki disease (KD) diagnosis can be improved using immune-related genes as biomarkers. Analysis revealed specific gene expression and immune cell differences, offering new insights into KD pathogenesis.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Genetics
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Kawasaki disease (KD) is a vasculitis affecting medium and small vessels, primarily causing coronary artery lesions (CALs).
- Current KD diagnosis relies on clinical features, leading to potential misdiagnosis and delayed treatment, increasing the risk of CALs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as potential diagnostic markers for Kawasaki disease.
- To investigate the differences in immune cell populations between KD patients and healthy individuals to understand KD pathogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Differential gene expression analysis was performed to identify immune-related DEGs in KD patients.
- Flow cytometry or similar techniques were used to compare immune cell proportions between KD and non-KD groups.
Main Results:
- Four immune-related genes (IL1B, ADM, PDGFC, TGFA) were identified as potential diagnostic markers for KD.
- KD patients showed increased proportions of naive B cells, activated memory CD4 T cells, gamma delta T cells, and neutrophils.
- Conversely, KD patients exhibited lower proportions of memory B cells, CD8 T cells, and activated NK cells compared to controls.
Conclusions:
- Immune-related genes, such as IL1B, ADM, PDGFC, and TGFA, show promise as diagnostic markers for Kawasaki disease.
- Distinct immune cell profiles in KD patients compared to non-KD individuals may offer novel insights into the disease's underlying mechanisms.
Abstract:
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis that predominantly damages medium- and small-sized vessels, and mainly causes coronary artery lesions (CALs). The diagnostic criterion of KD mainly depends on clinical features, so children could be easily misdiagnosed and could suffer from CALs. Through analysis, a total of 14 immune-related DEGs were obtained, of which IL1B, ADM, PDGFC, and TGFA were identified as diagnostic markers of KD. Compared with the non-KD group, KD patients contained a higher proportion of naive B cells, activated memory CD4 T cells, gamma delta T cells, and neutrophils, while the proportions of memory B cells, CD8 T cells, activated memory CD4 T cells, and activated NK cells were relatively lower. In conclusion, immune-related genes can be used as diagnostic markers of KD, and the difference in immune cells between KD and non-KD might provide new insight into understanding the pathogenesis of KD.
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