A Rare Complication of Fine-Needle Aspiration of Neck Structures

Area of Science:

• Medical Diagnostics
• Interventional Radiology
• Pulmonology

Background:

• Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a standard diagnostic procedure for evaluating neck lesions and masses.
• While generally safe, FNA carries risks such as infection and bleeding.
• Serious complications are infrequently reported, necessitating further investigation into rare adverse events.

Observation:

• This report details two unique cases of pneumothorax (collapsed lung) occurring after FNA of neck structures.
• Pneumothorax following neck FNA has been theoretically discussed but not previously documented in medical literature.
• These cases highlight a potential, albeit rare, iatrogenic risk associated with neck FNA.

Findings:

• The presented cases confirm that pneumothorax is a possible, though uncommon, complication of FNA of the neck.
• The mechanism likely involves inadvertent puncture of the pleura or lung apex during the aspiration procedure.
• Prompt recognition and management are crucial for favorable outcomes in patients experiencing this complication.

Implications:

• Documenting and discussing such rare complications enhances the diagnostic and clinical management protocols for FNA procedures.
• Healthcare providers should maintain awareness of pneumothorax as a potential complication, especially when performing FNA on superficial or superior neck masses.
• Further research may explore preventative strategies or refine techniques to minimize the risk of pneumothorax during neck FNA.