Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Clinical Outcomes of Ocular Toxoplasmosis-Associated Rhegmatogenous and Tractional Retinal Detachment.

Journal of vitreoretinal diseases·2026

Same author

Foveal Micro-embolism in Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis and the Emerging Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Retinal cases & brief reports·2026

Same author

Novel CAPN5 mutation associated with bilateral retinal vasculopathy, peripheral non-perfusion, and a tractional retinal detachment in a 2-month-old girl.

Retinal cases & brief reports·2026

Same author

Characteristics of Uveitis Specialists and Disparities in Geographic Access to Uveitis Care in the United States.

Journal of vitreoretinal diseases·2026

Same author

REAL-WORLD INCIDENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF OCULAR HYPERTENSION AFTER SUPRACHOROIDAL TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE INJECTION FOR MACULAR EDEMA IN NONINFECTIOUS UVEITIS.

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2025

Same author

Coring of Intravitreal Medication Vial Stoppers: A Report From the Research and Safety in Therapeutics Committee of the American Society of Retina Specialists.

Journal of vitreoretinal diseases·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 8, 2025

Toxicity Screens in Human Retinal Organoids for Pharmaceutical Discovery

Toxicity Screens in Human Retinal Organoids for Pharmaceutical Discovery

Published on: March 4, 2021

Update on Retinal Drug Toxicities.

S Tammy Hsu¹, Arathi Ponugoti¹, Jordan D Deaner¹

¹Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA.

Current Ophthalmology Reports

|December 27, 2021

Summary

New and commonly used medications are increasingly linked to drug-induced retinal toxicities. Advances in imaging aid early detection, but further research is needed to prevent irreversible vision loss.

Keywords:

Drug-induced maculopathy Drug-induced retinopathy Hemorrhagic occlusive retinal vasculitis, Brolucizumab, Pentosan sulfate Retinal toxicity Toxic retinopathy

More Related Videos

Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model

Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model

Published on: May 6, 2022

Author Spotlight: Investigating Physiological Functions of Vitamin A Transporters Using HPLC-Based Vitamin A Profiling

Author Spotlight: Investigating Physiological Functions of Vitamin A Transporters Using HPLC-Based Vitamin A Profiling

Published on: December 27, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 8, 2025

Toxicity Screens in Human Retinal Organoids for Pharmaceutical Discovery

Toxicity Screens in Human Retinal Organoids for Pharmaceutical Discovery

Published on: March 4, 2021

Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model

Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model

Published on: May 6, 2022

Author Spotlight: Investigating Physiological Functions of Vitamin A Transporters Using HPLC-Based Vitamin A Profiling

Author Spotlight: Investigating Physiological Functions of Vitamin A Transporters Using HPLC-Based Vitamin A Profiling

Published on: December 27, 2024

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Pharmacology
Toxicology

Background:

Drug-induced retinal toxicities are a growing concern.
Several medications, once considered safe, are now associated with ocular side effects.
Advances in imaging technology are crucial for understanding these toxicities.

Purpose of the Study:

To update clinicians on the clinical presentations and diagnostic findings of drug-induced retinal toxicities.
To highlight newly identified drug-related retinal issues.
To discuss the impact of evolving diagnostic capabilities.

Main Methods:

Review of recent literature on drug-induced retinal toxicities.
Analysis of clinical presentations and diagnostic findings.
Inclusion of data on newly approved and commonly used medications.
Discussion of advances in ocular imaging techniques.

Main Results:

Newly FDA-approved drugs (brolucizumab, MEK inhibitors, ulixertinib, FGFR inhibitors) are linked to acute retinal toxicities.
Increased use of medications like pentosan sulfate sodium, antiretrovirals, and intraoperative agents has revealed associated toxic retinopathies.
Novel findings in hydroxychloroquine and tamoxifen maculopathies are identified through advanced imaging.
Earlier detection of subclinical changes is possible with improved imaging.

Conclusions:

Increased medication use correlates with more reported retinal toxicities.
Advanced imaging facilitates early detection and potential prevention of disease progression.
Further research is required to define irreversible vision loss thresholds.
Careful risk-benefit assessment is necessary before discontinuing potentially life-saving therapies.