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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles01:18

Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles

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There are hollow fluid-filled cavities known as ventricles deep inside the human brain. There are two lateral ventricles, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and each has three different projections — the anterior, inferior, and posterior horns visible from the lateral side. A thin membrane called the septum pellucidum separates the two lateral ventricles. The slender third ventricle in the diencephalon is connected to each lateral ventricle via a channel called the interventricular foramen.
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Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
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Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 8, 2025

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
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Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

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Simplifying the Surgical Classification and Approach to the Posterolateral Skull Base and Jugular Foramen Using

Jaafar Basma1,2, Kara A Parikh3, Nickalus R Khan4,1

  • 1Neurological Surgery, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA.

Cureus
|December 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates that a tailored retro-auricular distal cervical lateral skull base approach allows for safe resection of jugular foramen and posterolateral skull base lesions. Anatomical triangle analysis guides customization for maximal safe tumor removal.

Keywords:
distal cervical approachfar lateralglomus jugularehypoglossal canalhypoglossal schwannomainfralabyrinthine approachjugular foramenmeningiomastyloid process

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Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances
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Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances
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Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Skull Base Surgery
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Jugular foramen (JF) and posterolateral skull base lesions present surgical challenges due to complex neurovascular anatomy.
  • Rarity and increasing radiosurgery use decrease neurosurgeon experience with surgical management of these lesions.
  • Maximal safe resection relies on understanding anatomical factors for approach design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a combined retro-auricular distal cervical transtemporal approach for JF and posterolateral skull base lesions.
  • To analyze the anatomical triangles relevant to surgical access and tumor resection in this region.
  • To correlate lesion characteristics and anatomical variations with surgical approach selection.

Main Methods:

  • Cadaveric dissection of six heads (12 sides) using combined post-auricular infralabyrinthine, distal transcervical, anterior transstyloid, and posterior far lateral exposures.
  • Measurement of surgical triangles and analysis of their contents.
  • Retrospective review of 31 patients (32 lesions) treated between 2000 and 2016 using variations of the retro-auricular distal cervical transtemporal approach.

Main Results:

  • Anatomical review of key surgical triangles including carotid, jugular, condylar, and others.
  • Tumor types encountered: glomus jugulare, schwannomas, meningiomas, chondrosarcoma, and others.
  • Tumor classification into extracranial, intradural, intraosseous, and dumbbell-shaped, with analysis of approach selection for each category.

Conclusions:

  • The retro-auricular distal cervical lateral skull base approach is a safe and effective method for resecting JF and posterolateral skull base lesions.
  • Customization of the approach by tailoring osteo-muscular triangles is crucial for adapting to lesion location and extension.
  • This approach facilitates maximal safe resection by optimizing surgical access based on detailed anatomical understanding.