Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays
Published on: September 20, 2024
COVID Booster Shots: The Need of the Hour
Mani Maheshwari1, Hemanthkumar Athiraman1
1Hospital Medicine, Banner Health, Mesa, USA.
Abstract:
Breakthrough cases of COVID-19 infections in fully vaccinated patients are rising. The number of patients requiring supplemental oxygen and airway management, along with multiple therapies, including remdesivir, baricitinib, steroids, and antibiotics, is more than ever among the vaccinated group. Despite being fully vaccinated for SARS-CoV-2 earlier this year, some are getting hospitalized for COVID-19 possibly due to waning immunity. Few such patients decline for the worse requiring intubation as they have not received the SARS-CoV-2 booster dose yet. This case report showcases four fully vaccinated patients who get hospitalized for COVID-19.
Related Concept Videos
Vaccinations
Cancer Vaccines
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Immunological Memory
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics
Development of Immunocompetence
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

