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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 8, 2025

Ultrasound-based Pulse Wave Velocity Evaluation in Mice
08:07

Ultrasound-based Pulse Wave Velocity Evaluation in Mice

Published on: February 14, 2017

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The P wave dispersion-one pixel, one millisecond.

Jacek Zawadzki1, Grzegorz Zawadzki2, Jadwiga Radziejewska3

  • 1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University in Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland.

Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
|December 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

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P wave dispersion, a risk factor for atrial fibrillation recurrence, is an artifact of inaccurate electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements. Precise ECG analysis reveals negligible P wave dispersion, emphasizing the need for accurate P wave duration measurements in clinical practice.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • P wave dispersion was introduced in 1998 as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence.
  • It is calculated as the difference between the longest and shortest P wave durations on an electrocardiogram (ECG).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate that P wave dispersion is an artifact resulting from inaccurate P wave measurements.
  • To highlight the importance of precise measurement techniques in electrocardiology.

Main Methods:

  • The study involved 186 patients undergoing electrophysiological procedures.
  • P wave durations were measured twice: using a standard imprecise method (50 mm/s, 8× enhancement) and a precise method (200 mm/s, 64-256× enhancement).

Main Results:

  • Imprecise measurement methods yielded significantly different P wave durations compared to precise methods.
Keywords:
P wave dispersionP wave durationTotal atrial activation time

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  • P wave dispersion calculated using imprecise methods showed a higher value and correlated with maximal P wave duration.
  • Precise measurements resulted in nearly identical minimal and maximal P wave durations, leading to negligible P wave dispersion.

    • Conclusions:

    • P wave dispersion is an artifact of low accuracy in P wave measurement.
    • Precise measurement methodology is crucial for scientific and medical accuracy in ECG analysis.
    • Accurate P wave duration measurement holds the highest clinical value.