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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
508
Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

463
Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
463
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

455
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
455
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

832
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
832
Routes of Drug Administration: Overview01:22

Routes of Drug Administration: Overview

7.3K
Drug administration involves delivering drugs to the body through various routes, such as enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral administration refers to drugs absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. They can be swallowed (perorally), placed under the tongue (sublingually), or on the inner lining of the cheeks (buccally). Perorally administered drugs take time to be absorbed and have a slower onset of action. The rectal route is another form of enteral administration, which allows for...
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Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

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The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
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Updated: Oct 8, 2025

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
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Potential next-generation medications for self-administered platforms.

Cheng-Han Chen1, Chao-Min Cheng2

  • 1Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|December 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Next-generation medication platforms offer automated drug delivery and monitoring to reduce patient stress and improve chronic disease management, especially in developing countries with limited healthcare access. These AI-powered systems enhance self-care and therapeutic outcomes worldwide.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Digital Health
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted chronic disease management, reducing clinic visits and exacerbating challenges in developing countries with scattered healthcare systems.
  • Chronic diseases cause significant physical and psychological stress, exemplified by "Diabetes Burnout," impacting long-term patient compliance and outcomes.
  • Existing healthcare models struggle to provide consistent, patient-centered care, particularly for those facing accessibility barriers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel, patient-centered, automatic drug administration and delivery model designed to alleviate patient stress and enhance treatment compliance.
  • To explore the potential of next-generation medication platforms leveraging artificial intelligence, telemedicine, and wireless technologies for autonomous dose adjustment and self-monitoring.
  • To address healthcare disparities by proposing solutions for self-medication and self-care, particularly beneficial for patients in developing nations.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a comprehensive medication platform featuring internal regulation (implanted drug-releasing devices with closed-loop systems) and external interaction (ecosystem for monitoring and feedback).
  • Integration of artificial intelligence for autonomous dose adjustment based on real-time physiopathological responses.
  • Utilization of telemedicine and wireless technologies for continuous self-monitoring and data sharing among patients, healthcare providers, and researchers.

Main Results:

  • The proposed platforms facilitate autonomous dose adjustment and continuous self-monitoring, optimizing drug administration based on individual patient responses.
  • External interaction enables a collaborative ecosystem for monitoring therapeutic efficacy and safety post-market, facilitating timely adjustments.
  • These systems have the potential to significantly reduce healthcare barriers, offering a life-changing solution for self-medication and self-care, especially in underserved regions.

Conclusions:

  • Next-generation medication platforms represent a significant advancement in chronic disease management, offering personalized and automated therapeutic solutions.
  • These technologies can empower patients with enhanced self-care capabilities, improving adherence and reducing the psychological burden of long-term illness.
  • As technology matures and becomes more affordable, these self-administered platforms are poised to revolutionize global health and wellness by removing critical healthcare access barriers.