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Related Concept Videos

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

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Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
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Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

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Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
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Age-dependent brain morphometry in Major Depressive disorder.

Alison Myoraku1, Adam Lang2, Charles T Taylor3

  • 1Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA 94121, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.

Neuroimage. Clinical
|December 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is linked to brain structure changes that vary with age. Individuals with MDD show different gray matter volume and cortical thickness compared to controls, particularly in specific brain regions.

Keywords:
AgingCortical thicknessGray matter volumeInsulaMDDMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects millions globally, with suspected links to brain structural abnormalities.
  • The impact of MDD on brain structure across the lifespan, from early to late adulthood, remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-dependent differences in brain morphometry (gray matter volume and cortical thickness) in individuals with MDD compared to healthy controls.
  • To identify specific brain regions where MDD-related structural changes are most pronounced and vary with age.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of harmonized gray matter volume and cortical thickness data from 305 healthy controls and 247 individuals with MDD across four cohorts.
  • Generalized additive modeling was used to assess nonlinear age associations and test for age-by-group interactions in key brain regions (amygdala, hippocampus, ACC, OFG, subgenual cortex, insula).

Main Results:

  • All investigated brain regions showed age-related decreases in gray matter volume and cortical thickness.
  • Individuals with MDD exhibited greater gray matter volume and thicker cortices than controls from early adulthood to early middle age (around 35 years).
  • After middle age, individuals with MDD showed reduced gray matter volume and thinner cortices in the lateral orbitofrontal gyrus and insular subregions, with deviations beginning as early as age 18.

Conclusions:

  • Brain morphometry differences between individuals with MDD and controls are age- and region-dependent.
  • Significant age-by-group interactions in the lateral orbitofrontal frontal gyrus and insular subregions highlight their potential as targets for future longitudinal MDD research.