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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Nanomechanics of Drug-target Interactions and Antibacterial Resistance Detection
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Compartmentalized Polymeric Nanoparticles Deliver Vancomycin in a pH-Responsive Manner.

Merve Seray Ural1, Mario Menéndez-Miranda1, Giuseppina Salzano1

  • 1Institut de Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, CNRS UMR 8214, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.

Pharmaceutics
|December 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Engineered nanoparticles effectively encapsulate high payloads of vancomycin (VCM), a crucial antibiotic. These pH-responsive nanoparticles release VCM specifically at infection sites, overcoming administration challenges.

Keywords:
antibioticbiodegradable polymercontrolled releasedrug locationnanoparticlevancomycin

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

  • Vancomycin (VCM) is vital for severe Gram-positive infections but faces limitations including poor bioavailability and cellular uptake.
  • Existing VCM delivery methods are hindered by its pH-dependent charge and aggregation tendencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer pH-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) for efficient vancomycin (VCM) encapsulation and targeted delivery.
  • To overcome VCM's limitations by developing a novel nanoparticle system for improved therapeutic outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Biodegradable nanoparticles composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and polylactic acid were fabricated using electrostatic interactions.
  • Advanced techniques including solid-state NMR, cryo-TEM, EDX, and AFM-IR were employed for comprehensive characterization.
  • In vitro studies assessed VCM release profiles at varying pH conditions.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticles achieved high VCM payloads up to 25 wt% through efficient electrostatic drug loading.
  • Characterization confirmed a compartmentalized NP structure and detailed chemical composition.
  • VCM-loaded NPs demonstrated stability at neutral pH and triggered rapid drug release upon slight acidification.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered, compartmentalized nanoparticles offer a promising strategy for controlled vancomycin delivery.
  • This pH-responsive system can enhance VCM efficacy at infection sites characterized by local acidic pH.
  • The developed NPs address key limitations of vancomycin administration, paving the way for improved treatment of resistant infections.