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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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Pathophysiology of Vomiting01:22

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Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through...
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 8, 2025

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
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Hepatitis E Virus Infection: Neurological Manifestations and Pathophysiology.

Sébastien Lhomme1,2, Florence Abravanel1,2, Pascal Cintas3

  • 1Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes viral hepatitis globally. This review details HEV-associated neurological disorders like encephalitis and Guillain-Barré syndrome, exploring their uncertain causes.

Keywords:
extra-hepatic manifestationshepatitis E virusneurological manifestations

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a leading cause of viral hepatitis worldwide.
  • HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are water-borne and prevalent in developing nations, while genotypes 3 and 4 are endemic in developed countries, linked to animal reservoirs like swine.
  • HEV infections manifest with significant extra-hepatic complications, particularly neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the primary neurological manifestations associated with Hepatitis E virus infection.
  • To explore the potential pathogenic mechanisms underlying HEV-induced neurological damage.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of existing literature on HEV and neurological complications.
  • It synthesizes information on common neurological conditions linked to HEV.
  • It discusses proposed mechanisms for virus-induced neurotoxicity.

Main Results:

  • Common neurological manifestations include neuralgic amyotrophy (Parsonage-Turner syndrome), Guillain-Barré syndrome, myelitis, and encephalitis.
  • The exact pathophysiology of HEV-related neurological injuries is not fully understood.
  • Both the host immune response and direct viral neurotropism are considered potential contributors.

Conclusions:

  • HEV infection can lead to a range of serious neurological complications.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms driving HEV neurotoxicity.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for managing HEV-related neurological disease.