Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Assessment of Antibody-based Drugs Effects on Murine Bone Marrow and Peritoneal Macrophage Activation
10:35

Assessment of Antibody-based Drugs Effects on Murine Bone Marrow and Peritoneal Macrophage Activation

Published on: December 26, 2017

The relative gastrointestinal toxicity of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

J L Carson, B L Strom, M L Morse

    Archives of Internal Medicine
    |June 1, 1987
    PubMed

    Insights

    Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) show varying upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding risks. Sulindac users experienced the highest UGI bleeding rates, suggesting significant drug-specific differences in NSAID safety.

    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Pharmacology
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for pain and inflammation.
    • Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding is a known risk associated with NSAID use.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the relative rates of UGI tract bleeding among users of different NSAIDs.
    • To identify specific NSAIDs with potentially higher risks of UGI bleeding.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective cohort study utilizing Medicaid billing data from Michigan and Minnesota (1980, 1982).
    • Examined 88,044 patients dispensed a single NSAID, analyzing UGI bleeding within 30 days of exposure.
    • Employed stratification and logistic regression to control for confounding factors.

    Main Results:

    • Significant differences in UGI tract bleeding rates were observed among NSAID users.
    • Sulindac was associated with the highest rate of UGI tract bleeding, significantly differing from ibuprofen.
    • An interaction between alcohol and NSAIDs was identified.
    • Higher average daily doses of sulindac relative to the maximum recommended dose were noted.

    Conclusions:

    • There are significant and consistent variations in the incidence of UGI tract bleeding across different NSAIDs.
    • Sulindac may pose a higher risk for UGI bleeding compared to other NSAIDs, potentially related to dosing.
    • Findings highlight the importance of considering drug-specific risks when prescribing NSAIDs.

    More Related Videos

    Synthesis of a Borylated Ibuprofen Derivative Through Suzuki Cross-Coupling and Alkene Boracarboxylation Reactions08:56

    Synthesis of a Borylated Ibuprofen Derivative Through Suzuki Cross-Coupling and Alkene Boracarboxylation Reactions

    Published on: November 30, 2022

    Using Reference Reagents to Confirm Robustness of Cytokine Release Assays for the Prediction of Monoclonal Antibody Safety06:37

    Using Reference Reagents to Confirm Robustness of Cytokine Release Assays for the Prediction of Monoclonal Antibody Safety

    Published on: September 15, 2023

    Related Concept Videos

    Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Prostaglandin Analogs as Mucosal Protective Agents01:20

    Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Prostaglandin Analogs as Mucosal Protective Agents

    The gastric mucosa produces prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2), crucial in maintaining gastric health. They exert cytoprotective effects, including increasing bicarbonate secretion, releasing protective mucin, reducing gastric acid output, and preventing harmful vasoconstriction. These effects are mediated through various receptors, such as EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.
    Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can induce peptic ulcers by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, decreasing...
    Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

    Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

    Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation. 
    Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

    Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

    Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
    Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

    Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

    Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
    Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

    Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

    Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
    Pharmacologic...
    Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction01:30

    Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction

    Drug–drug interactions can precipitate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. Absorption interactions alter how drugs enter the body, exemplified when ranitidine increases the absorption of basic drugs, while cholestyramine decreases the levels of propranolol. Protein binding interactions occur when drugs share the same binding sites on plasma proteins. Drugs like aspirin and warfarin, when bound in excess, can lead to increased free drug concentrations, enhancing the potential for...