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Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...

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Updated: Oct 8, 2025

Myocardial Infarction and Functional Outcome Assessment in Pigs

Myocardial Infarction and Functional Outcome Assessment in Pigs

Published on: April 25, 2014

Fetal Cardiac Function: Myocardial Performance Index.

Mariana Oliveira¹, Joana Portela Dias^1,2,3, Luís Guedes-Martins^1,2,3,4

¹Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.

Current Cardiology Reviews

|December 28, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The Modified Myocardial Performance Index (Mod-MPI) assesses fetal heart function but lacks standardized methods. This review surveys literature, proposes standardized methodology, and suggests future research for better clinical use.

Keywords:

Fetal heart Tei index doppler fetal echocardiography fetal myocardial performance index heart function

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Last Updated: Oct 8, 2025

Myocardial Infarction and Functional Outcome Assessment in Pigs

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Published on: April 25, 2014

Murine Fetal Echocardiography

Murine Fetal Echocardiography

Published on: February 15, 2013

In Vivo Quantitative Assessment of Myocardial Structure, Function, Perfusion and Viability Using Cardiac Micro-computed Tomography

In Vivo Quantitative Assessment of Myocardial Structure, Function, Perfusion and Viability Using Cardiac Micro-computed Tomography

Published on: February 16, 2016

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Fetal Medicine
Echocardiography

Background:

The Myocardial Performance Index (MPI), or Tei index, measures cardiac function.
The Modified Myocardial Performance Index (Mod-MPI) is valuable for assessing fetal heart conditions.
Clinical application of Mod-MPI is hindered by inconsistent methodologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review existing literature on MPI and Mod-MPI.
To establish a standardized methodology for Mod-MPI measurement.
To identify areas for future research to improve clinical utility.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies utilizing MPI and Mod-MPI.
Analysis of methodological variations in MPI/Mod-MPI measurements.
Synthesis of findings to propose standardized protocols.

Main Results:

MPI is defined as the ratio of isovolumetric times to ejection time.
Mod-MPI has shown promise in evaluating fetal growth restriction, twin-twin transfusion syndrome, and other pregnancy complications.
Significant variability exists in current MPI measurement techniques.

Conclusions:

Standardization of MPI/Mod-MPI methodology is crucial for reliable clinical application.
Further research is needed to refine measurement techniques and validate findings.
Improved standardization will enhance the diagnostic value of Mod-MPI in fetal cardiology.