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Related Concept Videos

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Types of Toxins

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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
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The alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete involves natural siliceous minerals in aggregates reacting with alkaline hydroxides derived from cement alkalis. This reaction forms an alkali-silica gel that absorbs water, swells, and increases in volume, which is confined by the surrounding cement paste, creating internal pressures that crack and disrupt the concrete. The extent of expansion and damage can be partly attributed to the alkali-silica reaction's osmotic hydraulic pressure and the...
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Related Experiment Video

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Implantation and Monitoring by PET/CT of an Orthotopic Model of Human Pleural Mesothelioma in Athymic Mice
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Public health risks from asbestos cement roofing.

Michael Kottek1, Man Lee Yuen1

  • 1Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.

American Journal of Industrial Medicine
|December 28, 2021
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There is no safe exposure level for asbestos. Asbestos fiber dimensions are linked to asbestos-related diseases, and even asbestos cement roofing poses ongoing environmental risks.

Keywords:
asbestos cement roofingdust diseasesenvironmental exposuremesothelioma

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Occupational Health
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • No safe exposure threshold for asbestos exists.
  • Asbestos fiber dimensions are critical in disease causation.
  • Installed asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) present continuous exposure risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the risks associated with asbestos exposure, particularly from installed materials.
  • To highlight the limitations of current detection methods for asbestos fiber dimensions.
  • To advocate for a precautionary approach regarding asbestos use and removal.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological and toxicological data on asbestos exposure.
  • Analysis of fiber dimensions implicated in mesothelioma induction.
  • Assessment of environmental asbestos emissions from installed ACM, including asbestos cement roofing (ACR).

Main Results:

  • Phase-contrast microscopy offers limited insight into disease-relevant fiber dimensions.
  • Installed ACMs, especially asbestos cement roofing (ACR), contribute to ongoing environmental asbestos exposure.
  • Epidemiological studies confirm disease risk associated with proximity to asbestos cement roofing.

Conclusions:

  • A precautionary principle is essential due to data limitations.
  • Asbestos-free roofing materials are recommended for new construction.
  • Removal of existing asbestos cement roofing (ACR) should be prioritized.