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Related Concept Videos

Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

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A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 8, 2025

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.
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Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

Published on: May 6, 2010

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Integrative approaches in genome structure analysis.

Lorenzo Boninsegna1, Asli Yildirim1, Yuxiang Zhan2

  • 1Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Structure (London, England : 1993)
|December 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Technological advances in genome imaging and sequencing offer new insights into genome structure and function. This enables quantitative models of nuclear organization and function.

Keywords:
genome functiongenome structure modelinggenomics experimentsnuclear architecturesuper-resolution imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The spatial organization of the genome within the nucleus is crucial for its function.
  • Previous methods limited the ability to study genome structure and dynamics comprehensively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight recent technological advancements in studying genome organization.
  • To discuss the potential for integrative modeling of nuclear architecture.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated imaging techniques
  • Sequencing-based assays
  • Computational analysis

Main Results:

  • Revolutionized understanding of genome structure and dynamics.
  • Enabled deeper insights into genome functions.
  • Facilitated quantitative integrative models of nuclear organization.

Conclusions:

  • New technologies provide unprecedented views of the genome in space and time.
  • These advances are key to understanding nuclear spatial organization and function.
  • The integration of diverse data types will drive future discoveries in genomics.