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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Rural Health

Background:

  • Opioid disposal is crucial for preventing misuse, overdose, and diversion.
  • Current disposal interventions show limited effectiveness.
  • Targeting rural communities for opioid disposal is key to harm reduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify barriers and facilitators to leftover opioid disposal in rural US Mountain West communities.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative description study with 30 participants from six US Mountain West states.
  • Employed a phronetic iterative approach with inductive and deductive analysis.
  • Utilized the Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM) for interpretation.

Main Results:

  • Four themes emerged: awareness/education, low perceived risk, keeping opioids for future use, and action barriers.
  • Participants recognized disposal importance but underestimated risks.
  • Future use considerations, patient-provider relationship issues, and rural context (convenience, cost) influenced disposal decisions.

Conclusions:

  • Identified PAPM stage-specific barriers to leftover opioid disposal.
  • Interventions must consider patient's stage in the disposal decision-making process.
  • Harm-reduction strategies are needed for patients choosing not to dispose.