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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Updated: Oct 8, 2025

Transaxillary First Rib Resection for Treatment of the Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
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Posterior Shoulder Instability After Infraclavicular Block for Outpatient Hand Surgery.

Ajay C Kanakamedala1, Jared S Bookman1, David L Furgiuele1

  • 1NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.

Hand (New York, N.Y.)
|December 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regional anesthesia offers benefits but carries risks. Patients undergoing hand surgery with regional blocks may face an increased risk of posterior shoulder instability, requiring careful monitoring.

Keywords:
anatomyanesthesiabrachial plexusdiagnosisdistal radiusfracture/dislocationnerveshoulderspecialty

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Anesthesiology
  • Regional Anesthesia

Background:

  • Regional anesthesia is gaining popularity for orthopedic procedures due to fewer side effects and better pain management than general anesthesia.
  • Despite advantages, regional blocks are associated with potential risks that require thorough understanding and vigilance.

Observation:

  • Two case reports detail patients developing posterior shoulder instability, including one posterior dislocation, post-hand surgery under regional anesthesia.
  • These events occurred immediately in the postanesthesia care unit, highlighting a rapid onset of the complication.

Findings:

  • Upper extremity regional anesthesia may predispose patients to posterior shoulder instability.
  • The incidence and mechanisms of this specific complication require further investigation.

Implications:

  • Healthcare providers should be aware of the potential for shoulder instability after upper extremity regional anesthesia.
  • Implementing appropriate perioperative precautions is crucial to mitigate this risk and ensure patient safety.