Assessing the Prevalence of Microaggressions in Plastic Surgery Training: A National Survey

There has been increased awareness of microaggressions occurring during medical training. However, the prevalence and characteristics of microaggressions specifically in plastic surgery residency remain unknown. We aimed to fill this literature gap by conducting a nationwide survey to better understand and characterize microaggressions in plastic surgery training.

A survey was distributed between March and May 2021 via the American Society of Plastic Surgeons Resident Representatives to 1014 integrated and 214 independent track plastic surgery trainees in the United States. Multiple Pearson's chi-square of independence and Fisher exact tests evaluated comparisons of microaggressions by sex, race, Hispanic origin, sexual orientation, and year in training. A multivariate regression analysis assessed associations between variables.

One hundred twenty-five participants responded to the survey (response rate: 10.2%). Of those who responded, 68.8% had experienced microaggressions in the past year. Female trainees experienced microaggressions more frequently than male trainees (P < 0.05). Asian trainees had higher odds to be a target of microaggressions compared with White trainees (P = 0.013). Nonheterosexual trainees were more likely to have experienced microaggressions compared with heterosexual trainees (P < 0.05). Independent trainees were more likely to experience microaggressions than PGY 1-2 and 3-4 integrated residents (P < 0.05).

Approximately seven in every 10 trainees stated that they experienced microaggressions in the past year. Females, racial minorities, sexual minorities, and independent trainees had higher odds of reporting that they experienced microaggressions. Further studies are needed to assess the implementation of strategies that address this problem to resolve inequities.