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Systematic review: auditory stimulation and sleep.

Elizabeth Capezuti¹, Kevin Pain², Evelyn Alamag¹

¹Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York.

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine : JCSM : Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine

|December 29, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pink noise shows promise for improving sleep, with 81.9% of studies reporting positive outcomes. While evidence for auditory stimulation is not definitive, it appears safe for short-term sleep enhancement.

Keywords:

insomnia music pink noise sleep sleep quality systematic review white noise

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Area of Science:

Sleep Science
Neuroscience
Clinical Practice

Background:

Auditory stimulation devices, such as white and pink noise machines, are commonly used to mask environmental sounds and promote relaxation and sleep.
The clinical effectiveness of auditory stimulation for improving sleep outcomes in adults remains incompletely established, necessitating a comprehensive review of existing literature.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the scientific literature evaluating the impact of specific types of auditory stimulation (white noise, pink noise, multiaudio) on sleep outcomes in adults.
To synthesize findings regarding the efficacy and potential adverse effects of auditory stimulation for sleep enhancement.

Main Methods:

A systematic review guided by the PRISMA statement, searching nine databases for relevant intervention studies.
Exclusion of auditory stimulation types like music alone, binaural tones, and synchronization.
Data extraction and risk of bias assessment using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies.

Main Results:

Thirty-four studies involving 1,103 participants were analyzed, categorized into white noise (18 studies), pink noise (11 studies), and multiaudio (6 studies).
Positive findings for sleep improvement were reported in 33% of white noise studies, 81.9% of pink noise studies, and 66.7% of multiaudio studies.
Multiaudio interventions exhibited the lowest risk of bias, followed closely by pink noise and white noise interventions.

Conclusions:

While robust evidence supporting auditory stimulation for sleep is currently limited, no adverse effects were reported with short-term use.
Future research should investigate confounding factors such as noise sensitivity, personality traits, and co-existing medical conditions or medications affecting sleep.