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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
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Mixed Ionically/Electronically Conductive Double-Phase Interface Enhanced Solid-State Charge Transfer for a

Liu Wang1,2, Xuesong Yin3, Bing Li4

  • 1Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China.

Nano Letters
|December 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel double-phase interface for all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs). This design enhances sulfur utilization and rate performance by improving charge transfer, paving the way for safer, high-energy-density batteries.

Keywords:
All-solid-state Li−S batterieslithium lanthanum titanium oxidemixed ionic/electronic conductorsolid polymer electrolyte

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) offer high energy density and safety but face challenges due to sulfur's insulating nature.
  • Traditional triple-phase interfaces limit active surface area and charge-transfer efficiency in ASSLSBs.
  • Efficient electrochemical reactions in sulfur cathodes require effective ionic and electronic conductivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the solid-state electrochemical reaction of sulfur in ASSLSBs.
  • To improve charge-transfer efficiency and sulfur utilization.
  • To investigate the potential of a double-phase interface for practical ASSLSB applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of lithium lanthanum titanium oxide/carbon (LLTO/C) nanofibers with mixed ionic/electronic conductivity.
  • Construction of a double-phase interface using LLTO/C nanofibers at the sulfur electrode.
  • Electrochemical testing to evaluate sulfur utilization, rate performance, and cycle stability.

Main Results:

  • The LLTO/C double-phase interface demonstrated enhanced charge-transfer behavior compared to traditional triple-phase interfaces.
  • High sulfur utilization and excellent rate performance were achieved.
  • Suppression of the polysulfide shuttle effect led to improved cycle performance.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed double-phase interface effectively enhances electrochemical reactions in ASSLSBs.
  • LLTO/C nanofibers facilitate charge transfer, showing potential for lower operating temperatures and higher sulfur content.
  • This approach significantly improves the performance and practical applicability of ASSLSBs.