Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

19.2K
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
19.2K
Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations03:18

Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations

24.3K
Nuclear chemistry is the study of reactions that involve changes in nuclear structure. The nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and, except for hydrogen, neutrons. The number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number (Z) of the element, and the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is the mass number (A). Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are isotopes of the same element.
A nuclide of an element has a specific number of protons and...
24.3K
Types of Radioactivity03:23

Types of Radioactivity

18.0K
The most common types of radioactivity are α decay, β decay, γ decay, neutron emission, and electron capture.
Alpha (α) decay is the emission of an α particle from the nucleus. For example, polonium-210 undergoes α decay:
18.0K
Mutations01:35

Mutations

41.2K
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
41.2K
Nuclear Power02:36

Nuclear Power

8.4K
Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
8.4K
Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)01:07

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

888
Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling.  This phenomenon, called the Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring...
888

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Plutonium Gets a Cage.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Co-templating of polyoxoniobates and silicate/germanate trimer-rings in crystals and inorganic gels.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Polyoxometalate-Assisted Crystallization: A General Strategy Enabling Structural Characterization of Molecular Radium Complexes.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Effects of He-Ion Radiation on Solid-State Uranyl Nitrate Compounds under Dry and Hydrated Atmospheric Conditions.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Vibrational and electronic properties of Np[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] from experimental spectroscopy and first principles calculations.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Building block approach to technetium-substituted polyoxotungstates.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 8, 2025

U2O5 Film Preparation via UO2 Deposition by Direct Current Sputtering and Successive Oxidation and Reduction with Atomic Oxygen and Atomic Hydrogen
12:05

U2O5 Film Preparation via UO2 Deposition by Direct Current Sputtering and Successive Oxidation and Reduction with Atomic Oxygen and Atomic Hydrogen

Published on: February 21, 2019

8.2K

Radiation-Induced Solid-State Transformations of Uranyl Peroxides.

Melissa Fairley1, Daniel E Felton2, Ginger E Sigmon3

  • 1Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.

Inorganic Chemistry
|December 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gamma irradiation transforms crystalline uranyl peroxide minerals into amorphous states by converting peroxide to hydroxyl groups. Calcium counterions promote lattice rigidity, enabling observation of early-stage radiation damage in uranyl triperoxide structures.

More Related Videos

Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
09:18

Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident

Published on: December 14, 2017

10.6K
A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer
07:52

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer

Published on: April 12, 2017

13.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 8, 2025

U2O5 Film Preparation via UO2 Deposition by Direct Current Sputtering and Successive Oxidation and Reduction with Atomic Oxygen and Atomic Hydrogen
12:05

U2O5 Film Preparation via UO2 Deposition by Direct Current Sputtering and Successive Oxidation and Reduction with Atomic Oxygen and Atomic Hydrogen

Published on: February 21, 2019

8.2K
Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
09:18

Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident

Published on: December 14, 2017

10.6K
A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer
07:52

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer

Published on: April 12, 2017

13.0K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Radiochemistry
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Uranyl peroxide minerals are relevant to nuclear waste management and understanding geochemical processes.
  • Solid-state transformations under irradiation are critical for predicting material behavior in radioactive environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the atomic-scale changes in uranyl triperoxide minerals upon gamma irradiation.
  • To compare the irradiation-induced structural evolution in calcium and lithium uranyl triperoxides.
  • To elucidate the role of countercations (Ca²⁺ and Li⁺) in radiation damage pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to analyze structural changes.
  • Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize the chemical modifications.
  • Gamma irradiation was applied at varying doses (up to 3 MGy) to induce solid-state transformations.

Main Results:

  • Gamma irradiation of Ca₂[UO₂(O₂)₃]·9H₂O caused progressive replacement of peroxide by hydroxyl groups, leading to an amorphous state at 3 MGy.
  • The Ca²⁺ countercation provided lattice rigidity, allowing observation of initial transformation steps.
  • In contrast, Li₄[(UO₂)(O₂)₃]·10H₂O transformed into a well-crystallized, peroxide-free uranyl oxyhydrate, with mobile Li⁺ facilitating hydrolysis.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals distinct solid-state transformation pathways for uranyl triperoxides influenced by countercation type.
  • The findings highlight the formation of the UO₂(O₂)₂(OH)₂⁴⁻ building block during peroxide to hydroxyl conversion.
  • Understanding these radiation-induced changes is crucial for nuclear materials safety and geochemical modeling.