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THYROID SCREENING AND RELIABILITY OF RADIATION THYROID DOSES FOR THE BELARUSIAN IN UTERO COHORT.

V Drozdovitch1, V V Yauseyenka2, V F Minenko3

  • 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA.

Problemy Radiatsiinoi Medytsyny Ta Radiobiolohii
|December 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid screening of Chernobyl-exposed individuals found nodules in 21.2% and identified 7 thyroid cancer cases. This study assesses radiation doses and thyroid health in the Belarusian in utero cohort.

Keywords:
ChernobylChornobylearly lifeexposurein uteroreliabilitythyroid cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The Chernobyl (Chornobyl) fallout exposed a large cohort of individuals in utero.
  • Long-term health effects, particularly thyroid disease, require ongoing investigation in this population.
  • Reliability of radiation dose assessments is crucial for understanding exposure-related risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on the current status and findings of thyroid disease screening within the Belarusian in utero cohort.
  • To evaluate the reliability of radiation thyroid doses calculated for cohort members.
  • To contribute to understanding the health consequences of prenatal exposure to radioactive isotopes.

Main Methods:

  • Thyroid screening included physical examination, ultrasonography, and blood tests for thyroid function and autoimmune markers.
  • Questionnaires were administered twice to mothers to assess reliability of exposure information.
  • Radiation thyroid doses were calculated using both model-based and measurement-based approaches.

Main Results:

  • As of August 2021, 1,267 individuals were screened, with thyroid nodules detected in 21.2% (268/1267).
  • Nodules were newly diagnosed in 14.9% and previously detected in 6.2% of subjects.
  • Radiation dose estimates showed reasonable to almost perfect agreement between repeated interviews and measurement-based calculations.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid screening identified a significant prevalence of thyroid nodules in the in utero exposed cohort.
  • Seven thyroid cancer cases were identified, highlighting the importance of continued surveillance.
  • This unique cohort provides valuable data on radioiodine and radiocesium exposure effects, where epidemiological data are limited.