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Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
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ONTOGENY AND THE HIERARCHY OF TYPES.

Olivier Rieppel1

  • 1Paläontologisches Institut und Museum der Universität, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland.

Cladistics : the International Journal of the Willi Hennig Society
|December 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study reviews the historical belief in parallelism between development (ontogeny) and natural hierarchies. It analyzes von Baerian recapitulation, highlighting the incompatibility of "being" and "becoming" in understanding homology.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Philosophy of Science
  • Systematic Biology

Background:

  • Historical belief in parallelism between ontogeny and hierarchical classifications.
  • The concept of von Baerian recapitulation and its significance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history of parallelism in natural classification.
  • To analyze von Baerian recapitulation and its implications for cladistics.
  • To discuss the philosophical underpinnings of homology in relation to Plato's 'being' and 'becoming'.

Main Methods:

  • Historical literature review.
  • Conceptual analysis of recapitulation theory.
  • Philosophical examination of Platonic concepts in biological thought.

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Main Results:

  • The purported parallelism between ontogeny and natural order faces fundamental philosophical challenges.
  • The taxic approach to homology (order of nature) aligns with Plato's 'world of being'.
  • The transformational approach to homology (ontogeny, phylogeny) aligns with Plato's 'world of becoming'.

Conclusions:

  • The concepts of 'being' and 'becoming' represent incompatible yet complementary views of nature.
  • Reconciling these views is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of homology and evolutionary processes.
  • Cladistic methodology must navigate the philosophical tension between static classification and dynamic evolutionary change.