Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

8.4K
Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
8.4K
Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis01:22

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

6.6K
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a high-resolution protein separation method first introduced by O' Farrell and Klose in 1975. This method involves protein separation by two dimensions, mass and charge, making it more accurate than one-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
The first dimension separation uses the isoelectric focusing or IEF technique performed on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips that separate proteins according to their isoelectric points.
Biological samples, such...
6.6K
Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

600
Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
600
Size-Exclusion Chromatography01:08

Size-Exclusion Chromatography

903
In size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as molecular-exclusion or gel-permeation chromatography, molecules are separated based on their sizes. This technique is important for separating large molecules such as polymers and biomolecules. The two classes of micron-sized stationary phases encountered in SEC are silica particles and cross-linked polymer resin beads. Both materials are porous, but their pore sizes vary significantly.
Silica particles offer advantages such as rigidity,...
903
Electrophoresis: Overview01:20

Electrophoresis: Overview

2.5K
Electrophoresis is a powerful analytical separation technique that relies on the differential migration of charged species when subjected to an electric field. The core strength of electrophoresis lies in its ability to separate high-molecular-weight species in complex mixtures. It has found widespread use in biochemistry, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry, allowing the separation of compounds like amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, and proteins with excellent resolution.
There...
2.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prion-like domain mediated phase separation of ARID1A promotes oncogenic potential of Ewing's sarcoma.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Optogenetic control of mRNA condensation reveals an intimate link between condensate material properties and functions.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Thermodynamic modulation of gephyrin condensation by inhibitory synapse components.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2024
Same author

Molecular basis for SOX2-dependent regulation of super-enhancer activity.

Nucleic acids research·2023
Same author

RNA-mediated demixing transition of low-density condensates.

Nature communications·2023
Same author

Probabilistic establishment of speckle-associated inter-chromosomal interactions.

Nucleic acids research·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 8, 2025

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy
10:08

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: October 24, 2017

9.3K

Rich Phase Separation Behavior of Biomolecules.

Yongdae Shin1,2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.

Molecules and Cells
|December 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Biomolecular phase separation drives the formation of intracellular condensates, crucial for cellular functions. Understanding these thermodynamic processes, particularly using regular solution models, is key to unraveling disease mechanisms and developing new therapies.

Keywords:
condensatemembrane-less organellephase diagramphase separationregular solution model

More Related Videos

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
12:37

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Published on: September 4, 2015

12.5K
Chemical Dimerization-Induced Protein Condensates on Telomeres
08:52

Chemical Dimerization-Induced Protein Condensates on Telomeres

Published on: April 12, 2021

3.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 8, 2025

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy
10:08

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: October 24, 2017

9.3K
Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
12:37

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Published on: September 4, 2015

12.5K
Chemical Dimerization-Induced Protein Condensates on Telomeres
08:52

Chemical Dimerization-Induced Protein Condensates on Telomeres

Published on: April 12, 2021

3.3K

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Thermodynamics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Phase separation is a fundamental thermodynamic process creating distinct compositional phases.
  • Biomolecular phase separation forms intracellular condensates, vital for cellular organization.
  • Aberrant phase transitions are linked to diseases like neurodegenerative disorders and cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the phase behaviors of biomolecules, focusing on theoretical frameworks.
  • To elucidate the thermodynamic principles governing multicomponent intracellular phase separation.
  • To connect intermolecular interactions to the biophysical properties of condensates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on biomolecular phase separation.
  • Application of regular solution models for binary and ternary mixtures.
  • Analysis of theoretical frameworks explaining condensate assembly and miscibility.

Main Results:

  • Regular solution models effectively explain various aspects of biomolecular phase assembly, composition, and miscibility.
  • Theoretical frameworks provide insights into the rich phase behaviors of condensates, including internal structuring and noise buffering.
  • A model-based approach aids in understanding the thermodynamic principles of multicomponent phase separation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding biomolecular phase separation is critical for comprehending cellular function and disease pathogenesis.
  • Theoretical models, such as regular solution models, are powerful tools for dissecting the thermodynamics of intracellular condensates.
  • Further research into these principles can elucidate disease mechanisms and guide therapeutic strategies.