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Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 8, 2025

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Risso's dolphins perform spin dives to target deep-dwelling prey.

Fleur Visser1,2,3, Onno A Keller1,2,4, Machiel G Oudejans3

  • 1Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Royal Society Open Science
|December 30, 2021
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Summary

Risso's dolphins use a novel "spin dive" to access deep-sea prey, balancing oxygen use with foraging needs. This strategy allows them to hunt deep-dwelling animals during the day, expanding their dietary options.

Keywords:
Grampus griseusanimal decision-makingdeep-divingdeep-sea food weboptimal foragingscattering layer

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Animal Behavior
  • Deep-Sea Ecology

Background:

  • Deep-diving cetaceans play a crucial role in deep pelagic food webs.
  • Optimal foraging in cetaceans requires balancing dive strategies with prey accessibility and energy rewards.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the foraging behavior of Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus).
  • To test the hypothesis that a newly identified "spin dive" strategy is used for targeting deep-dwelling prey.

Main Methods:

  • Tracking the fine-scale foraging behavior of seven tagged Risso's dolphins.
  • Matching dive data with recordings of prey layers to analyze hunting depth and prey distribution.
  • Comparing characteristics of spin dives versus non-spin dives.

Main Results:

  • Risso's dolphins exhibited a unique "spin dive" characterized by rapid descent with rotation.
  • Dive depth correlated with the diel migration of the deep scattering layer (prey aggregation).
  • Spin dives were significantly faster, steeper, and deeper than non-spin dives, facilitating daytime foraging on deep prey.

Conclusions:

  • The spin dive is an effective foraging strategy for Risso's dolphins, enabling access to deep-dwelling prey during diurnal periods.
  • This behavior allows for efficient prey capture by minimizing transit time to mesopelagic resources.
  • Risso's dolphins utilize spin dives to supplement their primarily shallow, nocturnal foraging habits.