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Epigenetic Regulation of the Non-Coding Genome: Opportunities for Immuno-Oncology

Maria J Barrero1

  • 1Independent Researcher, 28049 Madrid, Spain.

Epigenomes
|December 30, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Epigenetic drugs can reactivate transposable elements in cancer cells, boosting anti-tumor immunity and improving immunotherapy efficacy. This review explores epigenetic regulation of transposable elements for immuno-oncology applications.

Area of Science:

  • Genomic regulation
  • Cancer immunology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • The non-coding genome's role in disease remains largely unknown.
  • Epigenetic drugs are emerging as cancer therapeutics.
  • Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic sequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulation of TEs by epigenetic inhibitors.
  • To explore the implications of TE reactivation for immuno-oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epigenetic inhibitors and their effects on TEs.
  • Analysis of TE-mediated activation of innate immunity pathways.
  • Examination of TE-induced neoantigen generation in tumors.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic drugs can reactivate TEs in cancer cells.
  • Reactivated TEs trigger innate immune responses.
  • TEs contribute to neoantigen formation, enhancing immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic modulation of TEs offers a promising strategy for cancer immuno-oncology.
  • Targeting TEs with epigenetic inhibitors can improve cancer treatment outcomes.
Keywords:
cancerdsRNAepigeneticsimmuno-oncologyimmunotherapyrepetitive elementstransposons

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