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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Updated: Oct 8, 2025

A New Toolkit for Evaluating Gene Functions using Conditional Cas9 Stabilization
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The CRISPR-Cas toolbox and gene editing technologies.

Guanwen Liu1, Qiupeng Lin1, Shuai Jin1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

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|December 30, 2021
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Summary

CRISPR-Cas gene editing tools have advanced significantly, offering enhanced precision and expanded applications beyond DNA cutting for precise gene modification and expression control. Future research aims to optimize these powerful systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • CRISPR-Cas systems have revolutionized gene editing in life sciences.
  • Ongoing engineering efforts focus on improving CRISPR-Cas tool performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diverse CRISPR-Cas tools, their characteristics, and applications.
  • To discuss current limitations and future optimization strategies for CRISPR-Cas systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of CRISPR-Cas system advancements.
  • Summarization of engineered CRISPR-Cas tool functionalities.
  • Analysis of applications beyond DNA cleavage.

Main Results:

  • Engineered CRISPR-Cas tools exhibit broader targets, higher efficiency, specificity, and precision.
  • CRISPR-Cas technologies now enable precise gene modification, gene expression control, and epigenetic changes.
  • A variety of CRISPR-Cas tools with distinct characteristics have been developed.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-Cas technology has expanded significantly beyond basic gene cutting.
  • Further optimization is needed to address current limitations and enhance future applications.
  • The review provides a comprehensive overview of CRISPR-Cas tools for researchers.