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    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Bacteriology
    • Public Health Surveillance

    Background:

    • Melioidosis (Whitmore's disease) is an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei.
    • The bacterium is endemic in tropical climates, particularly Southeast Asia and northern Australia.
    • Melioidosis has not been previously detected in the contiguous United States.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report the first detection of melioidosis in the contiguous US.
    • To document the initial cases and their outcomes.
    • To raise awareness of this emerging infectious disease threat.

    Main Methods:

    • Surveillance and case identification by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
    • Geographic and temporal tracking of reported cases.
    • Clinical and epidemiological data collection.

    Main Results:

    • Four cases of melioidosis occurred between March and July 2021.
    • Cases were reported in Georgia, Kansas, Texas, and Minnesota.
    • Two patients died, and two recovered.

    Conclusions:

    • The contiguous US is now considered a region where melioidosis can occur.
    • This emergence necessitates enhanced surveillance and diagnostic preparedness.
    • Further research is needed to understand the source and transmission routes.