Factors Influencing Intention to Work while Ill: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Occupational Health
• Psychology
• Behavioral Science

Background:

• Workers often exhibit intention to work while ill, impacting productivity and health.
• Understanding the drivers of this behavior is crucial for effective workplace interventions.
• The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) provides a robust framework for analyzing behavioral intentions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and identify factors influencing workers' intention to work while ill.
• To apply the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a theoretical lens for this investigation.
• To synthesize existing research on the determinants of presenteeism.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.
• Article eligibility was assessed following PRISMA guidelines.
• Twenty-two articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the final review.

Main Results:

• Factors influencing the intention to work while ill were categorized under TPB constructs.
• Attitude: perceptions of good/bad consequences of working while ill.
• Subjective Norms: descriptive/injunctive norms regarding working ill.
• Perceived Behavioral Control: facilitators and barriers to working while ill.

Conclusions:

• The Theory of Planned Behavior effectively conceptualizes factors behind the intention to work while ill.
• Findings offer foundational knowledge for developing measurement tools for this intention.
• Results can inform the design of targeted interventions for employees, especially those with chronic illnesses.