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Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and hypertension: An overview

A Cortez¹, E Muxfeldt¹

¹Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Hipertension Y Riesgo Vascular

|December 31, 2021

Insights

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is linked to hypertension and cardiovascular disease progression. Higher MCP-1 levels correlate with target organ damage and comorbidities, showing its potential in cardiovascular risk stratification.

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Medicine
Inflammation Biology
Biomarker Research

Background:

Hypertension is increasingly linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) via inflammatory biomarkers.
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a key chemokine in endothelial inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque development.
MCP-1 attracts monocytes and macrophages, contributing to the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review observational studies on serum MCP-1 levels in hypertensive patients.
To investigate the relationship between MCP-1 and target organ damage (TOD) in hypertension.
To explore MCP-1's role in cardiovascular risk stratification.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of observational studies.
Analysis of serum MCP-1 levels in hypertensive individuals.
Correlation of MCP-1 with target organ damage and comorbidities.

Main Results:

Elevated MCP-1 levels are associated with ongoing endothelial dysfunction and accumulated TOD.
Observational studies clarify MCP-1's link to comorbidities like CKD, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and CAD.
Medications for comorbidities may influence MCP-1 levels due to anti-inflammatory effects.

Conclusions:

No universal normal MCP-1 threshold exists due to multifactorial influences (genetics, age, comorbidities, medications).
MCP-1 shows promise as a tool for enhancing cardiovascular risk stratification.
Prognostic studies confirm MCP-1's association with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, independent of other predictors.

Read full analysis

Abstract

Background:

The association between hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been increasingly studied through early inflammatory biomarkers. The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is the main chemokine implicated in the inflammatory endothelial process, attracting monocytes and macrophages to the atherosclerotic plaque.

Methods:

We reviewed the main observational studies that have analyzed serum MCP-1 in patients with hypertension regardless of CVD, relating them to target organ damage (TOD).

Results:

As endothelial dysfunction continues and TOD accumulates, MCP-1 has been perpetuated at higher levels. The relationship between this chemokine and the increase in comorbidities, such as chronic kidney disease, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, and coronary artery disease, became clearer from the observational studies. However, patients with such morbidities use medications with potential anti-inflammatory effects.

Conclusion:

There is no normal threshold of MCP-1 for the healthy population, nor a uniform curve pattern, due to a balance between genetic factors, age, gender, comorbidities, TOD, and anti-inflammatory effects of drugs. In fact, MCP-1 seems to have a promising role as a tool for further improvement in cardiovascular risk stratification, as prognostic studies have demonstrated an association with fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes, regardless of other clinical and laboratory predictors.

Keywords:

Cardiovascular disease Chemokine Enfermedad cardiovascular Hipertensión Hipertensión resistente Hypertension Inflamación Inflammation Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 Proteína 1 quimioatrayente de monocitos Quimioquina Resistant hypertension

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