Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 8, 2025
Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of the Urinary Tract: The Technique
Published on: January 10, 2013
Determinative Structural Features Identified With Probe-based Confocal Endomicroscopy for the Accurate Diagnosis of
Tomotake Koizumi1, Takeshi Aoki2, Toshiko Yamochi3
1Division of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
Background:
Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) can visualize microscopic structures at high resolution but has not yet yielded definitive diagnostic features of gallbladder malignancy, as opposed to benign changes.
Patients And Methods:
A total of 73 patients had their gallbladder evaluated with pCLE performed on resected benign and malignant gallbladder surgical specimens, which were sprayed with fluorescein. Malignant and benign features of pCLE findings were identified on the basis of Miami and Paris Classifications. Standard histopathological diagnoses and individual patient pCLE findings of gallbladder lesions were correlated.
Results:
Of the 73 consecutive patients that had their gallbladder evaluated ex vivo with pCLE, 11 were identified with gallbladder malignancy. pCLE identified features of gallbladders examined ex vivo, including the presence of thick dark bands and dark clumps, which together correlated with histopathologically-determined biliary malignancy at 100% sensitivity. Thick white bands and visualized epithelium, also identified with pCLE, together correlated with histopathologically-determined malignancy at 100% specificity.
Conclusion:
pCLE can be used for real-time differentiation of cancerous/non-cancerous regions in the gallbladder using the diagnostic criteria identified in the present study.
