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Risk factors for fluctuations in corneal endothelial cell density (Review).
Renata Vaiciuliene1, Neda Rylskyte2, Gabija Baguzyte1
1Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
|December 31, 2021
Summary
Corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) naturally declines with age and can be further impacted by systemic diseases, eye conditions, and surgeries. Maintaining critical ECD is vital for corneal transparency and visual acuity.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Cell Biology
- Public Health
Background:
- The corneal endothelium, a single cell layer, is crucial for maintaining corneal transparency and hydration.
- Corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) decreases with age and has limited regenerative capacity.
- A critical ECD threshold (400-500 cells/mm²) is necessary to prevent corneal edema and vision loss.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the impact of common systemic disorders, eye diseases, and ophthalmic interventions on corneal endothelial cell density (ECD).
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies examining factors affecting corneal endothelial cell density.
- Analysis of the influence of systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes), ocular conditions (e.g., dry eye disease), and surgical procedures (e.g., cataract surgery) on ECD.
Main Results:
- Systemic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease can negatively affect corneal ECD.
- Ocular conditions such as dry eye disease, uveitis, and glaucoma are associated with reduced ECD.
- Ophthalmic interventions, including cataract and glaucoma surgeries, can impact corneal endothelial cell counts.
Conclusions:
- Various systemic and ocular health factors, alongside surgical interventions, significantly influence corneal endothelial cell density.
- Monitoring and understanding these impacts are essential for preserving corneal health and visual function.
