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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
245
Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

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Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2...
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Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 8, 2025

Chinese Herbal Retention Enema for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
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How to manage: acute severe colitis.

Thomas Edward Conley1, Joseph Fiske1, Sreedhar Subramanian1

  • 1Gastroenterology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK.

Frontline Gastroenterology
|December 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) is a medical emergency requiring prompt treatment. Management involves specialist care, infection screening, and timely interventions, including surgery if medical therapies fail.

Keywords:
colonic diseasesinflammatory bowel diseaseinfliximabulcerative colitis

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Colorectal Surgery

Background:

  • Acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) is a critical condition with a 1% mortality rate.
  • Prompt recognition and management are essential for improving patient outcomes.
  • ASUC necessitates specialized care and multidisciplinary collaboration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline current and emerging evidence for managing ASUC.
  • To provide a management framework for clinicians.
  • To emphasize optimal treatment strategies for ASUC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical guidelines for ASUC management.
  • Discussion of diagnostic criteria and initial treatment approaches.
  • Evaluation of medical rescue therapies and surgical interventions.

Main Results:

  • Corticosteroids are the primary initial therapy, but 30-40% of patients require rescue therapy (infliximab or cyclosporine).
  • Thromboprophylaxis and infection screening are crucial components of care.
  • Timely colectomy is indicated for non-responders to rescue therapy to prevent adverse outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal ASUC management requires specialist gastrointestinal unit admission and joint colorectal surgery involvement.
  • A stepwise approach involving corticosteroids, rescue therapies, and potentially emergency colectomy is vital.
  • Adherence to evidence-based guidelines can mitigate morbidity and mortality associated with ASUC.