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Acoustical intensity probe based on a polyvinylidene fluoride bimorph.

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Summary

This study uses a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) bimorph to measure underwater sound intensity. The developed algorithm accurately determines complex acoustical intensity, with potential for minor errors in specific conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Materials Science
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Measuring complex acoustical intensity is crucial for understanding underwater sound fields.
  • Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) bimorphs offer potential for novel acoustic sensing applications due to their unique properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an analytical model for determining complex acoustical intensity using a PVDF bimorph.
  • To investigate the voltage responses of a PVDF bimorph cantilever to underwater sound pressure and particle velocity.

Main Methods:

  • Development of analytical models for open-circuit voltage outputs of a PVDF bimorph cantilever in an underwater sound field.
  • Calibration of probe gain using a known angle of incident sound.
  • Proposal of an algorithm utilizing voltage responses and calibrated gain to determine complex acoustical intensity.

Main Results:

  • Sound pressure generates the sum of PVDF bimorph voltage outputs; particle velocity generates the difference.
  • PVDF bimorphs exhibit uniform directivity for pressure and velocity responses at low frequencies, suitable for intensity determination.
  • The proposed algorithm accurately determines sound intensity in plane wave fields, with minor discrepancies when reactive intensity is significant.

Conclusions:

  • A PVDF bimorph is a viable and advantageous sensor for measuring underwater acoustical intensity, particularly due to its velocity sensitivity, light weight, and flexibility.
  • The developed algorithm provides an accurate method for complex acoustical intensity determination.
  • Further research may be needed to address minor errors in scenarios with significant reactive intensity.